International optical clock comparison using the European optical fiber network

Pizzocaro, Marco; Zyskind, Clara; Amy-Klein, Anne; Benkler, Erik; Bize, Sebastien; Calonico, Davide; Cantin, Etienne; Chardonnet, Christian; Clivati, Cecilia; Condio, Stefano; Curtis, E. Anne; Donadello, Simone; Dörscher, Sören; Feng, Chen-Hao; Filzinger, Melina; Gaudron, Jacques-Olivier; Godun, Rachel M.; Goti, Irene; Hill, Ian R.; Huang, Wei; Huntemann, Nils; Johnson, Matthew; Klose, Joshua; Kronjäger, Jochen; Kuhl, Alexander; Le Targat, Rodolphe; Levi, Filippo; Lipphardt, Burghard; Lisdat, Christian; Lodewyck, Jerome; Lopez, Oliver; Margolis, Helen S.; Mazouth-Laurol, Maxime; Mura, Alberto; Pointard, Benjamin; Pottie, Paul-Eric; Risaro, Matias; Robertson, Billy I.; Schioppo, Marco; Stahl, Kilian; Steinel, Martin; Tofful, Alexandra; Tønnes, Mads; Tunesi, Jacob

doi:https://doi.org/10.1103/l4bh-ryxs

Zugriffsnummer	56571
Dokumenttyp	Zeitschriftenartikel
Peer Review	mit Peer Review
Sprache	Englisch
Titel	International optical clock comparison using the European optical fiber network
Autor(in); Institution	Pizzocaro, Marco; Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRIM), Torino, ITALY Zyskind, Clara; Laboratoire Temps Espace (LNE-OP), Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, Université de Lille, LNE, CNRS, Paris, FRANCE Amy-Klein, Anne; Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers (LPL), Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, CNRS, Villetaneuse, FRANCE Benkler, Erik; 4.3, Quantenoptik und Längeneinheit, PTB-Braunschweig Bize, Sebastien; Laboratoire Temps Espace (LNE-OP), Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, Université de Lille, LNE, CNRS, Paris, FRANCE Calonico, Davide; Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRIM), Strada delle Cacce 91, 10135 Torino, ITALY Cantin, Etienne; Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers (LPL), Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, CNRS, Villetaneuse, FRANCE Chardonnet, Christian; Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers (LPL), Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, CNRS, Villetaneuse, FRANCE Clivati, Cecilia; Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRIM), Torino, ITALY Condio, Stefano; Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRIM), Torino, ITALY Curtis, E. Anne; National Physical Laboratory (NPL), Teddington, UNITED KINGDOM Donadello, Simone; Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRIM), Torino, ITALY Dörscher, Sören; 4.3, Quantenoptik und Längeneinheit, PTB-Braunschweig Feng, Chen-Hao; National Physical Laboratory (NPL), Teddington, UNITED KINGDOM Filzinger, Melina; 4.4, Zeit und Frequenz, PTB-Braunschweig Gaudron, Jacques-Olivier; National Physical Laboratory (NPL), Teddington, UNITED KINGDOM Godun, Rachel M.; National Physical Laboratory (NPL), Teddington, UNITED KINGDOM Goti, Irene; Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRIM), Torino, ITALY Hill, Ian R.; National Physical Laboratory (NPL), Teddington, UNITED KINGDOM Huang, Wei; National Physical Laboratory (NPL), Teddington, UNITED KINGDOM Huntemann, Nils; 4.4, Zeit und Frequenz, PTB-Braunschweig Johnson, Matthew; National Physical Laboratory (NPL), Teddington, UNITED KINGDOM Klose, Joshua; 4.3, Quantenoptik und Längeneinheit, PTB-Braunschweig Kronjäger, Jochen; 4.3, Quantenoptik und Längeneinheit, PTB-Braunschweig Kuhl, Alexander; 4.3, Quantenoptik und Längeneinheit, PTB-Braunschweig Le Targat, Rodolphe; Laboratoire Temps Espace (LNE-OP), Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, Université de Lille, LNE, CNRS, Paris, FRANCE Levi, Filippo; Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRIM), Torino, ITALY Lipphardt, Burghard; 4.4, Zeit und Frequenz, PTB-Braunschweig Lisdat, Christian; 4.3, Quantenoptik und Längeneinheit, PTB-Braunschweig Lodewyck, Jerome; Laboratoire Temps Espace (LNE-OP), Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, Université de Lille, LNE, CNRS, Paris, FRANCE Lopez, Oliver; Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers (LPL), Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, CNRS, Villetaneuse, FRANCE Margolis, Helen S.; National Physical Laboratory (NPL), Teddington, UNITED KINGDOM Mazouth-Laurol, Maxime; Laboratoire Temps Espace (LNE-OP), Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, Université de Lille, LNE, CNRS, Paris, FRANCE Mura, Alberto; Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRIM), Torino, ITALY Pointard, Benjamin; Laboratoire Temps Espace (LNE-OP), Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, Université de Lille, LNE, CNRS, Paris, FRANCE Pottie, Paul-Eric; Laboratoire Temps Espace (LNE-OP), Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, Université de Lille, LNE, CNRS, Paris, FRANCE Risaro, Matias; Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRIM), Torino, ITALY; National Physical Laboratory (NPL), Teddington, UNITED KINGDOM Robertson, Billy I.; National Physical Laboratory (NPL), Teddington, UNITED KINGDOM Schioppo, Marco; National Physical Laboratory (NPL), Teddington, UNITED KINGDOM Stahl, Kilian; 4.3, Quantenoptik und Längeneinheit, PTB-Braunschweig Steinel, Martin; 4.4, Zeit und Frequenz, PTB-Braunschweig Tofful, Alexandra; National Physical Laboratory (NPL), Teddington, UNITED KINGDOM Tønnes, Mads; Laboratoire Temps Espace (LNE-OP), Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, Université de Lille, LNE, CNRS, Paris, FRANCE Tunesi, Jacob; National Physical Laboratory (NPL), Teddington, UNITED KINGDOM
Quelle/Jahr	Physical Review Research: 8 (2026), 3, 1 - 11
Artikelnummer	033250
Availability	[online only]
ISSN	2643-1564 (online)
DOI	https://doi.org/10.1103/l4bh-ryxs
URL	https://link.aps.org/article/10.1103/l4bh-ryxs http://harvest.aps.org/v2/journals/articles/10.1103/l4bh-ryxs/fulltext
Verlag	College Park, Md.: American Physical Society (APS)
Freie Schlagworte	Atomic, optical & lattice clocks ; Frequency combs & self-phase locking ; Metrology ; Time & frequency standards ; Atoms ; Ions ; Optical fibers
Zusammenfassung	Optical clocks have achieved remarkable estimated fractional frequency uncertainties reaching the 10⁻¹⁸ level and below, enabling applications in fundamental physics, general relativity, and geodesy. However, the challenge of verifying the international consistency of optical clocks remains critical as efforts intensify toward redefining the SI second based on an optical transition or transitions. We report on a two-month international clock comparison campaign involving seven optical clocks in four national metrology institutes (INRIM, LNE-OP, NPL, and PTB) connected via the optical fiber network established in Europe. The campaign resulted in optical frequency ratios with uncertainties ranging from 7.7×10⁻¹⁸ to 6.1×10⁻¹⁷. Among the results, the ¹⁷¹Yb⁺⁢(E⁢3) clocks at NPL and PTB demonstrated agreement within an uncertainty of 7.7×10⁻¹⁸, marking the first international verification of two independently developed optical clocks below one part in 10¹⁷. The operation of the ¹⁹⁹Hg clock at LNE-OP (formerly LNE-SYRTE) resulted in frequency ratios with improved uncertainties with ¹⁷¹Yb⁺⁢(E⁢3), ¹⁷¹Yb, and ⁸⁷Sroptical clocks. These results provide input for the redefinition of the second and underscore how fiber-linked clock networks can advance metrology and scientific applications.

Kostenfreier Zugang	Open Access Hybrid
Rechteinformation	CC BY 4.0 ; Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License

Förderinformationen (1)	Förderername: EURAMET Förderprogramm: EMPIR 2020 Fundamental Titel der Förderung: 20FUN08: NEXTLASERS: Next generation ultrastable lasers URI der Förderung: https://www.ptb.de/empir2021/nextlasers/home/
Förderinformationen (2)	Förderername: EURAMET Förderprogramm: EMPIR 2020 Fundamental Titel der Förderung: 20FUN01: TSCAC: Two-species composite atomic clocks URI der Förderung: https://www.ptb.de/empir2021/tscac/home/
Förderinformationen (3)	Förderername: EURAMET Förderprogramm: EPM 2022 Titel der Förderung: 22IEM01: TOCK: Transportable optical clocks for key comparisons URI der Förderung: https://www.ptb.de/epm2022/tock/home
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Förderinformationen (5)	Förderername: European Union (EU) Förderprogramm: Horizon 2020 research and innovation program Titel der Förderung: CLONETS-DS Förderungsnummer: Grant Agreement No. 951886
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Förderinformationen (10)	Förderername: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) Förderer ID: 0000 0001 2096 9829 Förderer ID Typ: ISNI Förderprogramm: Germany’s Excellence Strategy (EXC-2123 QuantumFrontiers) Titel der Förderung: A04 and A05, SFB 1227 DQ-mat Förderungsnummer: Project-No. 434617780
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Pizzocaro, M., Zyskind, C., Amy-Klein, A., Benkler, E., Bize, S., Calonico, D., Cantin, E., Chardonnet, C., Clivati, C., Condio, S., Curtis, E. A., Donadello, S., Dörscher, S., Feng, C.-H., Filzinger, M., Gaudron, J.-O., Godun, R. M., Goti, I., Hill, I. R., Huang, W., Huntemann, N., Johnson, M., Klose, J., Kronjäger, J., Kuhl, A., Le Targat, R., Levi, F., Lipphardt, B., Lisdat, C., Lodewyck, J., Lopez, O., Margolis, H. S., Mazouth-Laurol, M., Mura, A., Pointard, B., Pottie, P.-E., Risaro, M., Robertson, B. I., Schioppo, M., Stahl, K., Steinel, M., Tofful, A., Tønnes, M., & Tunesi, J. (2026). International optical clock comparison using the European optical fiber network. Physical Review Research, 8(3), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1103/l4bh-ryxs

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