Airborne concentrations and chemical considerations of radioactive ruthenium from an undeclared Major nuclear release in 2017

Masson, O.; Steinhauser, G.; Zok, D.; Saunier, O.; Angelov, H.; Babic, D.; Beckova, V.; Bieringer, J.; Bruggeman, M.; Burbidge, C. I.; Conil, S.; Dalheimer, A.; De Geer, L.-E.; de Vismes Ott, A.; Eleftheriadis, K.; Estier, S.; Fischer, P.; Garavaglia, M. G.; Gasco Leonarte, C.; Gorzkiewicz, K.; Hainz, D.; Hoffman, I.; Hyza, M.; Isajenko, K.; Karhunen, T.; Kastlander, J.; Katzlberger, C.; Kierepko, R.; Knetsch, G.-J.; Kövendiné Kónyi, J.; Lecomte, M.; Mietelski, J. W.; Min, P.; Møller, B.; Nielsen, S. P.; Nikolic, J.; Nikolovska, L.; Penev, I.; Petrinec, B.; Povinec, P. P.; Querfeld, R.; Raimondi, O.; Ransby, D.; Ringer, W.; Romanenko, O.; Rusconi, R.; Saey, P. R. J.; Samsonov, V.; Silobritienė, B.; Simion, E.; Söderström, C.; Sostaric, M.; Steinkopff, T.; Steinmann, P.; Sykora, I.; Tabachnyi, L.; Todorovic, D.; Tomankiewicz, E.; Tschiersch, J.; Tsibranski, R.; Tzortzis, M.; Ungar, K.; Vidic, A.; Weller, A.; Wershofen, Herbert; Zagyvai, P.; Zalewska, T.; Zapata-García, Daniel; Zorko, B.

doi:https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1907571116

Zugriffsnummer	42830
Dokumenttyp	Zeitschriftenartikel
Peer Review	mit Peer Review
Sprache	Englisch
Titel	Airborne concentrations and chemical considerations of radioactive ruthenium from an undeclared Major nuclear release in 2017
Autor(in); Institution	Masson, O.; Direction de l’Environnement, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Fontenay-aux-Roses, FRANCE Steinhauser, G.; Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institute of Radioecology and Radiation Protection, Hannover, GERMANY Zok, D.; Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institute of Radioecology and Radiation Protection, Hannover, GERMANY Saunier, O.; Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, Service des Situations d’Urgence et d’Organisation de Crise, Fontenay-Aux-Roses, FRANCE Angelov, H.; Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy, Basic Environmental Observatory Moussala, Sofia, BULGARIA Babic, D.; Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, CROATIA Beckova, V.; National Radiation Protection Institute, Section of Monitoring, Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC Bieringer, J.; Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz, Atmosphärische Radioaktivität und Spurenanalyse, Freiburg im Breisgau, GERMANY Bruggeman, M.; StudieCentrum voor Kernenergie-Centre d’Etude de l’Energie Nucléaire, Mol, BELGIUM Burbidge, C. I.; Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Radiation Protection and Environmental Monitoring, Dublin, IRELAND Conil, S.; Agence Nationale des Déchets Radioactifs, Observatoire Pérenne de l’Environnement, Bure, FRANCE Dalheimer, A.; Deutscher Wetterdienst, Offenbach, GERMANY De Geer, L.-E.; Swedish Defence Research Agency, Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Defence and Security Division, Stockholm, SWEDEN de Vismes Ott, A.; Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté, Laboratoire de Mesure de la Radioactivité dans l’Environnement, Orsay, FRANCE Eleftheriadis, K.; National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, Athens, GREECE Estier, S.; Federal Office of Public Health, Environmental Radioactivity Section, Liebefeld, SWITZERLAND Fischer, P.; University of Bremen, Radioactivity Measurements Laboratory, Bremen, GERMANY Garavaglia, M. G.; Agenzia Regionale per la Protezione dell’Ambiente del Friuli Venezia Giulia, Dipartimento Prevenzione, Udine, ITALY Gasco Leonarte, C.; Unidad de Radiactividad Ambiental y Vigilancia Radiológica, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, Madrid, SPAIN Gorzkiewicz, K.; The Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Department of Nuclear Physical Chemistry, Kraków, POLAND Hainz, D.; Vienna University of Technology, Atominstitut, Vienna, AUSTRIA Hoffman, I.; Health Canada, Ottawa, CANADA Hyza, M.; National Radiation Protection Institute, Section of Monitoring, Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC Isajenko, K.; Central Laboratory for Radiological Protection, Warsaw, POLAND Karhunen, T.; Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, Environmental Monitoring, Helsinki, FINLAND Kastlander, J.; Swedish Defence Research Agency, Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Defence and Security Division, Stockholm, SWEDEN Katzlberger, C.; Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Department of Radiation Protection and Technical Quality Assurance, Vienna, AUSTRIA Kierepko, R.; The Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Department of Nuclear Physical Chemistry, Kraków, POLAND Knetsch, G.-J.; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Centre for Environmental Safety and Security, Bilthoven, THE NETHERLANDS Kövendiné Kónyi, J.; National Research Institute for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Division of Environmental and Public Radiohygiene, Budapest, HUNGARY Lecomte, M.; Ministère de la Santé, Division de la Radioprotection, Luxembourg, LUXEMBOURG Mietelski, J. W.; The Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Department of Nuclear Physical Chemistry, Kraków, POLAND Min, P.; National Commission for Nuclear Activities Control, Bucharest, ROMANIA Møller, B.; Norwegian Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, Emergency Preparedness and Response, Svanvik, NORWAY Nielsen, S. P.; Technical University of Denmark (DTU) Risø, Center for Nuclear Technologies, Roskilde, DENMARK Nikolic, J.; University of Belgrade, Institute for Nuclear Sciences, Department of Radiation and Environmental Protection, Belgrade, SERBIA Nikolovska, L.; Institute of Public Health, Radiology Laboratories, Skopje, NORTH MACEDONIA Penev, I.; Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy, Basic Environmental Observatory Moussala, Sofia, BULGARIA Petrinec, B.; Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, CROATIA Povinec, P. P.; Comenius University, Department of Nuclear Physics and Biophysics, Bratislava, SLOVAKIA Querfeld, R.; Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institute of Radioecology and Radiation Protection, Hannover, GERMANY Raimondi, O.; Tutela dell’Ambiente Naturale e Costruito, Dipartimento Prevenzione, Borgo Maggiore, REPUBLIC OF SAN MARINO Ransby, D.; Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Alfred Wegener Institute, Computing Centre, Bremerhaven, GERMANY Ringer, W.; Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Department of Radon and Radioecology, Linz, AUSTRIA Romanenko, O.; National Nuclear Energy Generating Company "Energoatom", Rivne Nuclear Power Plant, Rivne Oblast, UKRAINE Rusconi, R.; Agenzia Regionale per la Protezione dell'Ambiente della Lombardia, Centro Regionale Radioprotezione, Milan, ITALY Saey, P. R. J.; Vienna University of Technology, Atominstitut, Vienna, AUSTRIA Samsonov, V.; Republican Center of Hydrometeorology, Radioactive Contamination Control and Environmental Monitoring, Minsk, BELARUS Silobritienė, B.; Environmental Protection Agency, Vilnius, LITHUANIA Simion, E.; National Environmental Protection Agency, National Reference Laboratory, Bucharest, ROMANIA Söderström, C.; Swedish Defence Research Agency, Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Defence and Security Division, Stockholm, SWEDEN Sostaric, M.; Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, CROATIA Steinkopff, T.; Deutscher Wetterdienst, Offenbach, GERMANY Steinmann, P.; Federal Office of Public Health, Environmental Radioactivity Section, Liebefeld, SWITZERLAND Sykora, I.; Comenius University, Department of Nuclear Physics and Biophysics, Bratislava, SLOVAKIA Tabachnyi, L.; Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Center, Kyiv, UKRAINE Todorovic, D.; University of Belgrade, Institute for Nuclear Sciences, Department of Radiation and Environmental Protection, Belgrade, SERBIA Tomankiewicz, E.; The Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Department of Nuclear Physical Chemistry, Kraków, POLAND Tschiersch, J.; Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Neuherberg, GERMANY Tsibranski, R.; Kozloduy Nuclear Power Plant, Safety Department, Kozloduy, BULGARIA Tzortzis, M.; Radiation Inspection and Control Services, Department of Labour Inspection, Nicosia, CYPRUS Ungar, K.; Health Canada, Ottawa, CANADA Vidic, A.; Radiation Protection Center, Institute for Public Health, Sarajevo, FEDERATION OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA Weller, A.; Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institute of Radioecology and Radiation Protection, Hannover, GERMANY Wershofen, Herbert; 6.1, Radioaktivität, PTB-Braunschweig Zagyvai, P.; Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Centre for Energy Research, Budapest, HUNGARY Zalewska, T.; National Research Institute, Institute of Meteorology and Water Management, Warsaw, POLAND Zapata-García, Daniel; 6.1, Radioaktivität, PTB-Braunschweig Zorko, B.; Infrastructural Group for Ionizing Radiation Measurements, Institut "Jozef Stefan", Ljubljana, SLOVENIA
Quelle/Jahr	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America:(2019), 1 - 10
ISSN	0027-8424 (PRINT) ; 1091-6490 (ONLINE)
DOI	https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1907571116
Verlag	Washington, DC: NAS
Freie Schlagworte	environmental radioactivity ; ruthenium ; nuclear forensics ; environmental release ; accidental release
Zusammenfassung	In October 2017, most European countries reported unique atmospheric detections of aerosol-bound radioruthenium (¹⁰⁶Ru). The range of concentrations varied from some tenths of μBq·m^-3 to more than 150 mBq·m^-3. The widespread detection at such considerable (yet innocuous) levels suggested a considerable release. To compare activity reports of airborne ¹⁰⁶Ru with different sampling periods, concentrations were reconstructed based on the most probable plume presence duration at each location. Based on airborne concentration spreading and chemical considerations, it is possible to assume that the release occurred in the Southern Urals region (Russian Federation). The ¹⁰⁶Ru age was estimated to be about 2 years. It exhibited highly soluble and less soluble fractions in aqueous media, high radiopurity (lack of concomitant radionuclides), and volatility between 700 and 1,000 °C, thus suggesting a release at an advanced stage in the reprocessing of nuclear fuel. The amount and isotopic characteristics of the radioruthenium release may indicate a context with the production of a large ¹⁴⁴Ce source for a neutrino experiment.

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Masson, O., Steinhauser, G., Zok, D., Saunier, O., Angelov, H., Babic, D., Beckova, V., Bieringer, J., Bruggeman, M., Burbidge, C. I., Conil, S., Dalheimer, A., De Geer, L.-E., de Vismes Ott, A., Eleftheriadis, K., Estier, S., Fischer, P., Garavaglia, M. G., Gasco Leonarte, C., Gorzkiewicz, K., Hainz, D., Hoffman, I., Hyza, M., Isajenko, K., Karhunen, T., Kastlander, J., Katzlberger, C., Kierepko, R., Knetsch, G.-J., Kövendiné Kónyi, J., Lecomte, M., Mietelski, J. W., Min, P., Møller, B., Nielsen, S. P., Nikolic, J., Nikolovska, L., Penev, I., Petrinec, B., Povinec, P. P., Querfeld, R., Raimondi, O., Ransby, D., Ringer, W., Romanenko, O., Rusconi, R., Saey, P. R. J., Samsonov, V., Silobritienė, B., Simion, E., Söderström, C., Sostaric, M., Steinkopff, T., Steinmann, P., Sykora, I., Tabachnyi, L., Todorovic, D., Tomankiewicz, E., Tschiersch, J., Tsibranski, R., Tzortzis, M., Ungar, K., Vidic, A., Weller, A., Wershofen, H., Zagyvai, P., Zalewska, T., Zapata-García, D., & Zorko, B. (2019). Airborne concentrations and chemical considerations of radioactive ruthenium from an undeclared Major nuclear release in 2017. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1907571116

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